2 minute read

VIS Landscape

InfoVis

Bridging humans and data, 여러 분야의 교집합

  • HCI: Human users
  • Computer Graphics: Millions of visual elements
  • Machine Learning: Abstracted numbers into bigger patterns
  • Databases: User’s visualization query targets large-scale data
  • Cognitive Science: Which visual representation is effective
  • Statistics: Data aggregation

6 Area Model

시각화 연구를 6가지 영역으로 분류한 체계

Area 1: Theoretical & Empirical

시각화의 이론적 기초와 실험적 검증

Area 2: Applications

시각화 도구

Area 3: Systems & Rendering

시각화 rendering을 위한 system & algorithm

Area 4: Representations & Interaction

데이터 표현 방법 및 상호작용 방법

Area 5: Data Transformations

데이터를 시각화하기 적합한 형태로 변환

Area 6: Analytics & Decisions

시각화를 통해 의가결정 돕기

InfoVis에서는 Domain, Users, Goal을 정의하는게 중요하다.

View Description

Visual system에서는 다음 세 가지를 담는다

Encoding : 무슨 visual mapping을 사용했는가

Interaction : 어떤 상호작용이 가능한가

Justification : 왜 특정 encoding 및 interaction 조합을 선택했는가

Usage example : 어떻게 사용하는가

Evaluations with Humans

Visualization이 제공되는 대상은 사람이기 때문에 사람에 의한 검증이 필요하다

User study

10명보다 많은 non-expert가 usability test

Case study

few experts가 designer들의 설명을 들으면서 전체적인 workflow 평가

Deployment study

실제 deploy하여 10명보다 많은 non-expert가 평가

Early Visualization Approaches

GUI (MFC) : hard to learn, limited audience $\downarrow$ Spreadsheet program (Excel): $\downarrow$ Business Intelligence Solutions (Spotfire, Tableau) $\downarrow$ Web browsers: but limited $\downarrow$ AI

Drawing Visualizations Comparison

Top down: 이미 정해진 chart type과 map attribute. 즉, 이미 정해진 template들 기반

Excel , Spotfire, Chart libraries Familiar, not expressive

Bottom up: Mark와 channel을 먼저 고르는 것

Tableau, Visualization Grammar, d3.js Aligned with research leanrning curve

Top down

General Spreadsheet Software (Excel, 한글)

  • Pros
    • Easy to learn
    • Familiar
    • No code
  • Cons
    • Limited expressiveness
    • not aligned with InfoVis theory
    • Less customizable

Reusable Chart Libraries

  • Pros
    • custamizable
    • web framework에 가능
  • Cons
    • Coding required
    • Not aligned with InfoViz

Notebook based Solution

  • Pros
    • 3D visualization
    • Easily integrated
  • Cons
    • Less expressive
    • Not interactive
    • Not aligned with InfoViz
    • Static

Bottom up

Tableau

  • Pros
    • Familiar interface
    • expressive
    • well aligned with theory
  • Cons
    • Learning curve
    • Customizable but limited

Imperative programming: How the program should do something: 어떻게 보여줄 것인가를 설명해야 함 Declarative programming: What the program should do: 무엇을 보여줄 것인가를 설명해야 함 $\rightarrow$ 더 좋음

Visualization Grammars

  • Pros
    • Declarative language
    • Aligned
    • Interactive and customizable
  • Cons
    • Coding
    • Knowledge needed

GenAI tools

  • Pros
    • No knowledge needed
    • no coding
    • customizable
  • Cons
    • Often not specialized
    • limited to narrow scope of chart and interactions

d3.js

  • Pros
    • Highest customizability
    • Well aligned
    • Scalable
    • Well maintained
  • Cons
    • Steepest learning curve
    • Coding required
    • stubborn

joowan1108

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